Computer Revolution with Semiconductors

Semiconductors are responsible for the computer revolution, which began in the mid 20th century and is still continuing. Miniaturization of computer components, transistors and diodes made of semiconductors such as silicon and germanium, has resulted in computers becoming smaller, faster, and having superior memory power according to Moore's Law, an empirical law which states that computer speed and memory capacity both double approximately every 18 to 24 months. As a result, computers are now over a billion times faster and have over a billion times the memory capacity of ENIAC, the world's first computer, built in 1946.

Semiconductor device fabrication is the process by which chips are made. These chip are integrated circuits that are present in electrical and electronic devices and appliances. The process of semiconductor device fabrication is of multiple steps during which a wafer is created using pure semi conducting material. Usually Silicon is used to make integrated circuits.

According to US Industry & Market Outlook, there are approximately 5,000 semiconductor and electronic component manufacturers in the United States alone and they contribute $165 billion in terms of sales.